vetscan.petAs pet owners, we know how important it is to prioritize the health of our furry companions. Understanding common health threats, such as canine influenza in dogs, is essential for their well-being. Canine influenza, sometimes known as dog flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs causes by specific strains of Influenza virus. All dogs, regardless of breed, age, sex, or health status, are susceptible, and nearly every dog exposed to the virus will become infected. Canine influenza in dogs can occur year-round.
While canine influenza in dogs is primarily a disease, it has also been known to affect cats, particularly those in animal shelters. There is currently no evidence to suggest that humans can contract canine influenza.
Symptoms of Canine Influenza in Dogs
- Persistent cough
- Thick nasal discharge
- Fever (typically 104-105°F)
- Lethargy
- Runny eyes
- Reduced appetite
Most dogs that contract canine influenza show only moderate symptoms and become better in two to three weeks. However, some dogs may appear healthy while others may develop complications like bacterial pneumonia, leading to more severe illness. About 1-5% of affected dogs have a low to moderate risk of death.
If you feel your dog is ill, you should contact your veterinarian immediately. In addition, notify any training, daycare, or kennel facilities your dog has recently visited, and keep your dog separated from other dogs to prevent the virus from spreading.
Cats can also get canine influenza, which causes symptoms such a runny nose, sneezing, congestion, poor energy, pain, lip smacking, and drooling.
How Canine Influenza Spreads in Dogs
Canine influenza in dogs spreads easily in environments where dogs are in close contact, particularly indoors. The virus primarily transmits from infected dogs to other dogs (and occasionally cats) through respiratory droplets and various exposure routes:
- Direct contact, such as when dogs lick or nuzzle each other
- Coughing, sneezing, and barking
- Items such as water and food dishes, toys, kennel surfaces, or clothes that have been contaminated
- Dogs that are infected can carry the virus for up to four weeks after first exposure, even if they don’t exhibit any symptoms. The virus can survive in the environment for one to two days but is easily eliminated by common disinfectants.
- Dogs are at higher risk in areas experiencing outbreaks, including those that are boarded, frequent dog daycares, dog parks, dog shows, agility events, or travel frequently
How is Canine Influenza Diagnosed?
Canine influenza Diagnosis can be challenging because its symptoms closely resemble those of other respiratory illnesses in dogs. Your veterinarian will take into account several factors to determine whether your dog may have canine influenza
Because canine influenza in dogs shares symptoms with other infectious respiratory diseases, such as “kennel cough,” it cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. To accurately identify canine influenza in dogs, your veterinarian will recommend specific laboratory tests. These tests typically involve collecting nasal or pharyngeal swabs from your dog, which are then analyzed for the presence of the virus. In some cases, blood samples may be taken to detect antibodies indicating exposure to the virus.
Laboratory testing is crucial for a definitive diagnosis, as it helps differentiate canine influenza in dogs from other respiratory conditions. Early diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment and management, reducing the risk of complications and helping to prevent the spread of the virus to other dogs. Your veterinarian will discuss whether such testing is necessary based on your dog’s specific situation and the prevalence of the virus in your area.
Treating Canine Influenza
A combination of individualized medical treatments and supportive care are used to treat canine influenza in dogs. Since canine influenza is caused by a virus, antibiotics are not effective against the virus itself. However, antibiotics may be prescribed if secondary bacterial infections develop as a complication of the flu. In severe cases, antiviral medications might be considered, but their use is typically reserved for the most critical situations.
The main goals of treatment are to help your dog heal by controlling symptoms and providing supportive care. Key aspects of supportive care include:
- Hydration: Ensuring your dog stays well-hydrated is crucial, as fluids help maintain overall health and aid in recovery.
- Comfort: Provide a warm, comfortable environment for your dog to rest and recuperate.
- Nutrition: For the benefit of your dog’s immune system and general health, provide a balanced, nutrient-rich diet.
In severe cases, particularly if pneumonia develops, hospitalization may be necessary. In these instances, treatments may include oxygen therapy to assist with breathing and intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and support recovery.
When to Seek Veterinary Care
If you see any early symptoms, such as coughing, sneezing, or nasal discharge, you should closely monitor your dog. Mild symptoms may not necessitate immediate veterinary intervention, but you should consult your veterinarian for assistance.
Moderate to Severe Symptoms:
- A persistent cough which may last more than a few days.
- High fever (over 104°F).
- Difficulty or fast breathing.
- Lethargy that continues or worsens.
- A significant decrease of appetite.
- High-Risk Situations
- Puppies, elderly dogs, and dogs with pre-existing illnesses are especially vulnerable and should be seen by a veterinarian as soon as symptoms emerge.
- Dogs in communal settings (kennels, shelters, dog parks) are more vulnerable to the virus and should be regularly monitored.
- A veterinarian will conduct a physical examination and may recommend testing such as blood work, chest X-rays, or nasal or throat swabs to confirm the presence of canine influenza.
- Keeping the dog hydrated and comfortable meds include antibiotics for subsequent bacterial infections, antiviral drugs, and anti-inflammatory meds.
- Severe instances may necessitate hospitalization for intensive care and oxygen therapy.
How to Protect My Dog Against Canine Influenza?
Protecting your dog from canine influenza involves a combination of preventive measures and careful management of their environment. While vaccines are available, they are typically recommended based on your dog’s specific risk factors. Discuss with your veterinarian whether the canine influenza vaccine is suitable for your dog, considering their lifestyle and potential exposure.
Here are some tips to stop the spread of infectious respiratory illnesses, including dog influenza:
- Isolate Sick Dogs: If your dog is coughing or sneezing, keep them away from other dogs. Contact your veterinarian for advice before bringing your dog in for an examination.
- Avoid Sick Dogs: Keep your dog away from dogs that appear sick to minimize the risk of transmission.
- Monitor Local Outbreaks: Stay informed about any canine influenza outbreaks in your region, and avoid taking your dog to places where dogs congregate until the outbreak has passed.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly after handling any dog, especially if the dog is sick.
- Avoid Sharing Items: Do not share your dog’s bowls, toys, or other belongings with other dogs outside your home. Similarly, prevent your dog from using communal items, such as water bowls, that other dogs might have used.
- Good hygiene: Good hygiene and infection control practices are essential in reducing the risk of contracting infectious diseases. If you intend to board your dog at a facility, travel with them, or participate in activities such as dog shows, contests, or training classes, inquire about the facility’s infection control procedures.
- Follow the Protocol: Ensure they have protocols for isolating dogs that show signs of respiratory illness and notifying owners if their dogs have been exposed to sick animals.
Conclusion
Canine influenza in dogs is a serious and highly contagious respiratory disease that can affect dogs of all breeds, ages, and health statuses. Understanding the symptoms, spread, and prevention of this virus is crucial for pet owners who want to keep their dogs healthy.
By taking preventive measures, such as keeping your dog away from sick animals, practicing good hygiene, and considering vaccination based on your dog’s risk factors, you can protect your furry companion from canine influenza. If you feel your dog is ill, always see your veterinarian and follow their advise to ensure your pet receives the best possible care.
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